MEDIEVAL INDIA
The Coming of Muslims Mahmud of Ghazni • He led 17 expeditions between 1001 and 1027. He plunder Thaneshwar, Mathura, Kannauj and Somnath.
• The plunder of Somnath temple (dedicated to Shiva) in 10 situated on the sea coast of Kathiawar, was famous.
|| The Delhi Sultanate || The Ilbari Dynasty or Slave Dynasty Qutb-Ud-Din Aibak (1206-1210 AD) • Lahore and later Delhi were his capitals.
• Laid the foundation of Qutab Minar after the name of famous Sufi saint, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki.
• Died of a horse fall at Lahore, while playing Chaugan (Similar to Polo).
Iltutmish (1210-1236 AD) • He formed Turkan-i-Chahalgani or Chalisa (a group of powerful Turkish nobles to suppress nobles)
Divided his empire into IQTAS, an assignment of land in lieu salary, which he distributed to his officers.
• He introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital - 2 basic co of the Sultanate.
Raziya (1236-1240 AD)
. She was the first and the last Muslim woman ruler of medie India.
Balban 12661286 AD) . He declared Sultan as the representative of god on earth
impressed upon the people that king was the deputy of (niyabat-i-khudai) and the shadow of God (zil-t-ila Introduced Sijda or Paibos practice.
. He ordered the separation of military department from finance department (diwan-i-wizarat).
Mohammad Ghori
• In the I Battle of Tarain (1191) he received a severe defeat from the hand of Prithviraj Chauhan
• But Mohammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj in the II Ban Tarain in 1192.
• Captured Delhi and Ajmer and thus laid the foundation Muslim Rule in India. • Died in 1206, gave Qutb-ud-Din Aibak the charge Sultanate.
| The Khalji Dynasty Jalaluddin Firoz Khalji (1290-1296 AD)
• He was the first ruler to put forward the view that since a majority of people in India are Hindus, the state in Indi not be a total Islam state.
Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316 AD)
• First Turkish Sultan of Delhi who separated religion politics. He proclaimed - "Kingship knows no kinship."
•First Sultan to have permanent army - paid soldiers in imported horses, detailed description of each soldier (Che and each horse (Dagh) was kept.(first time).
• Both Amir Khusrau and Mir Hasan Dehlvi enjoyed his patron
|| The Tughlaq Dynasty Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (1320-1325 AD) • Took keen interest in the construction of canals and formulate famine policy.
• Built the fortified city of Tughlaqabad and made it his capital Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1325-1351 AD) • Regarded as the most controversial figure in Indian his because some of his ambitious projects :
(a) Transfer of capital to Devagiri (Daulatabad) in 1327
(b) Introduction of token currency:
• During his last days, the whole of South India be independent and three major independent states - The Vijayanagara, The Bahmani kingdom and Sultanate Madura-were founded.
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